earth scienceEnglishOxford New American Dictionaryearth science /ərTH ˈsīəns, ərθ ˈsaɪəns / ▸ noun the branch of science dealing with the physical constitution of the earth and its atmosphere: undergraduates in earth science. ▪ (earth sciences) the various branches of earth science, e.g., geology, oceanography, or meteorology.