bacillusEnglishOxford New American Dictionarybacillus /bəˈsiləs, bəˈsɪləs / ▸ noun (plural bacilli /-ˈsilī/) a rod-shaped bacterium. ▪ a disease-causing bacterium: the bacillus was thought to have proliferated in water polluted by sewage tubercle bacilli. – ORIGIN late 19th century : from late Latin, diminutive of Latin baculus ‘stick’. All bacteria belonging to the genus Bacillus are called bacilli, but not all bacteria called bacilli belong to the genus Bacillus.